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　　空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)器(qi)(qi)是利用(yong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)熱(re)流體(ti)的(de)換熱(re)器(qi)(qi)。管內的(de)熱(re)流體(ti)通(tong)過管壁和翅片與管外空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進行換熱(re)，所用(yong)的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)常由通(tong)風機供給。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)器(qi)(qi)可用(yong)于(yu)冷(leng)卻(que)或冷(leng)凝(ning)，廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)：煉油、石油化(hua)工塔頂(ding)蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)凝(ning)；回流油、塔底油的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)；各種反(fan)應生成物的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)；循環氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)和電(dian)站汽輪機排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)凝(ning)。工作(zuo)壓力可達69兆(zhao)帕(pa)。但耗電(dian)量、噪(zao)聲和占(zhan)地面積均大，冷(leng)卻(que)受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)影響(xiang)較大。

　　結構

　　管(guan)(guan)(guan)束包括(kuo)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱、側(ce)梁(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)等。它可按臥(wo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、立(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)斜(xie)(xie)頂(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)（人(ren)字(zi)(zi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)）3種基本形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)布置。其(qi)中，臥(wo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)布置傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)面(mian)積(ji)大(da)(da)，空(kong)氣分布均勻，傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)好；斜(xie)(xie)頂(ding)布置時，通風(feng)機(ji)安裝在人(ren)字(zi)(zi)空(kong)間(jian)，占地面(mian)積(ji)小，結構緊(jin)湊。為(wei)(wei)(wei)抵消空(kong)氣側(ce)的(de)(de)給熱(re)(re)(re)系數(shu)較低(di)的(de)(de)影響，通常采用(yong)(yong)光(guang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外壁裝翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，可以擴大(da)(da)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)面(mian)積(ji)。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)分層排列(lie)，其(qi)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)用(yong)(yong)焊接或(huo)脹接方法(fa)連接在管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱上(shang)。排管(guan)(guan)(guan)一般為(wei)(wei)(wei)3～8排。管(guan)(guan)(guan)束系列(lie)尺寸長達12米。光(guang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑常為(wei)(wei)(wei)25毫(hao)(hao)米和(he)(he)38毫(hao)(hao)米，翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)高(gao)(gao)度一般取12～15毫(hao)(hao)米，管(guan)(guan)(guan)束寬為(wei)(wei)(wei)100～3000毫(hao)(hao)米。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是空(kong)氣冷卻器的(de)(de)核心元(yuan)件，其(qi)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)材料(liao)直接影響設備性能。管(guan)(guan)(guan)子可用(yong)(yong)碳鋼(gang)、銅(tong)、鋁(lv)和(he)(he)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)等制成；翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)材料(liao)根據使用(yong)(yong)環境(jing)和(he)(he)制造工藝(yi)來(lai)確定，大(da)(da)多用(yong)(yong)工業純鋁(lv)，在防(fang)腐蝕要求很高(gao)(gao)或(huo)在制造工藝(yi)條件特殊(shu)的(de)(de)情況下也(ye)采用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)或(huo)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)可按橫(heng)向或(huo)縱向排列(lie)。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)基本形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)：繞片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、鑲(xiang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、軋片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、套片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、焊片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、橢圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、紊流式(shi)(shi)(shi)（包括(kuo)輪輻(fu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、開槽形(xing)和(he)(he)波紋形(xing)等）。管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱的(de)(de)結構主要有(you)法(fa)蘭(lan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)堵式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)集合管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。一般前者(zhe)用(yong)(yong)于中低(di)壓，后兩(liang)者(zhe)用(yong)(yong)于高(gao)(gao)壓。為(wei)(wei)(wei)適應管(guan)(guan)(guan)束的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)膨脹，一端(duan)(duan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱不(bu)固定，容(rong)許(xu)沿管(guan)(guan)(guan)長方向位(wei)移。通風(feng)機(ji)通常采用(yong)(yong)軸流通風(feng)機(ji)。

　　通風方式

　　通(tong)風(feng)(feng)有鼓風(feng)(feng)和(he)(he)引風(feng)(feng)兩種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)。①鼓風(feng)(feng)式(shi)：空(kong)氣(qi)先流(liu)經通(tong)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)后(hou)流(liu)入管束(shu)。②引風(feng)(feng)式(shi)：空(kong)氣(qi)先流(liu)經管束(shu)后(hou)流(liu)入通(tong)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)。前者(zhe)操作費用(yong)較經濟，產生(sheng)的(de)湍流(liu)對(dui)傳熱(re)(re)有利(li)，使用(yong)較多。后(hou)者(zhe)氣(qi)流(liu)分布均(jun)勻，有利(li)于溫度(du)控制，噪聲小(xiao)，是(shi)發展的(de)方(fang)向。熱(re)(re)流(liu)體出口(kou)溫度(du)主要靠調(diao)節通(tong)過管束(shu)的(de)風(feng)(feng)量來控制，即(ji)調(diao)節葉(xie)片的(de)傾角(jiao)、通(tong)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)轉速和(he)(he)百(bai)葉(xie)窗的(de)開啟(qi)程度(du)等。對(dui)冬(dong)季易凝、易凍的(de)流(liu)體，可采(cai)用(yong)熱(re)(re)風(feng)(feng)循環或蒸汽加熱(re)(re)的(de)辦法調(diao)節流(liu)體出口(kou)溫度(du)。

　　基本形式

　　空氣冷卻(que)器翅片(pian)管(guan)(guan)的基本形式(shi)(shi)有：套片(pian)式(shi)(shi)、繞片(pian)式(shi)(shi)、軋片(pian)式(shi)(shi)、焊片(pian)式(shi)(shi)、橢圓管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)、鑲片(pian)式(shi)(shi)、紊流式(shi)(shi)、輪輻(fu)式(shi)(shi)、開槽形式(shi)(shi)波紋形式(shi)(shi)。空氣冷卻(que)器的管(guan)(guan)箱結構主要有法(fa)蘭式(shi)(shi)、管(guan)(guan)堵式(shi)(shi)和集(ji)合(he)管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)。一(yi)般法(fa)蘭式(shi)(shi)用于中低壓，管(guan)(guan)堵式(shi)(shi)和集(ji)合(he)管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)用于高壓。