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　　空(kong)(kong)氣冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器是利用空(kong)(kong)氣冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)熱流(liu)體的(de)換熱器。管內的(de)熱流(liu)體通過管壁和翅片與管外空(kong)(kong)氣進行換熱，所用的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣通常由通風(feng)機(ji)供給。空(kong)(kong)氣冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器可用于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)，廣泛應(ying)用于：煉(lian)油(you)、石油(you)化(hua)工塔(ta)頂蒸氣的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)；回流(liu)油(you)、塔(ta)底油(you)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；各(ge)種反應(ying)生(sheng)成物的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；循環(huan)氣體的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)和電站汽輪機(ji)排氣的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)。工作壓(ya)力(li)可達69兆(zhao)帕。但耗電量、噪聲和占地面積(ji)均大，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)受氣候變(bian)化(hua)影(ying)響較大。

　　結構

　　管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)包(bao)括傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)、側梁和(he)橫梁等(deng)。它可(ke)按臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)、立式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)斜頂式(shi)(shi)(shi)（人(ren)字式(shi)(shi)(shi)）3種基本形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)。其(qi)中，臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)面積(ji)大(da)，空(kong)(kong)氣分布(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)好；斜頂布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)時(shi)，通(tong)風(feng)機安裝在(zai)人(ren)字空(kong)(kong)間，占地面積(ji)小，結構緊湊。為(wei)抵消空(kong)(kong)氣側的(de)給熱(re)系數(shu)較低的(de)影(ying)響，通(tong)常采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)光管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外壁裝翅片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)。翅片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為(wei)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，可(ke)以擴大(da)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)面積(ji)。翅片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分層(ceng)排(pai)列，其(qi)兩(liang)端用(yong)焊接(jie)(jie)或脹(zhang)接(jie)(jie)方(fang)法(fa)連接(jie)(jie)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)上。排(pai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一般(ban)為(wei)3～8排(pai)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)系列尺寸長達(da)12米。光管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑常為(wei)25毫米和(he)38毫米，翅片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)高(gao)(gao)度一般(ban)取12～15毫米，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)寬(kuan)為(wei)100～3000毫米。翅片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是空(kong)(kong)氣冷卻器的(de)核心元件(jian)，其(qi)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)材料直接(jie)(jie)影(ying)響設備(bei)性能。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)可(ke)用(yong)碳鋼、銅(tong)、鋁和(he)不(bu)銹鋼等(deng)制成(cheng)；翅片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)材料根據使用(yong)環(huan)境和(he)制造(zao)工(gong)(gong)藝來確定，大(da)多(duo)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)純鋁，在(zai)防腐(fu)蝕(shi)要(yao)求很(hen)高(gao)(gao)或在(zai)制造(zao)工(gong)(gong)藝條件(jian)特(te)殊(shu)的(de)情況下也(ye)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)銅(tong)或不(bu)銹鋼。翅片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)可(ke)按橫向(xiang)或縱向(xiang)排(pai)列。翅片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)基本形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有：繞片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、鑲片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、軋片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、套片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、焊片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、橢圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、紊流式(shi)(shi)(shi)（包(bao)括輪輻式(shi)(shi)(shi)、開(kai)槽形(xing)(xing)和(he)波紋形(xing)(xing)等(deng)）。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)的(de)結構主要(yao)有法(fa)蘭式(shi)(shi)(shi)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)堵式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)集合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。一般(ban)前者用(yong)于中低壓(ya)，后兩(liang)者用(yong)于高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)。為(wei)適應管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)的(de)熱(re)膨脹(zhang)，一端管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)不(bu)固(gu)定，容許沿管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)長方(fang)向(xiang)位移。通(tong)風(feng)機通(tong)常采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)軸(zhou)流通(tong)風(feng)機。

　　通風方式

　　通(tong)風有鼓(gu)風和引風兩種方式。①鼓(gu)風式：空氣先流(liu)經通(tong)風機后(hou)流(liu)入(ru)管(guan)束。②引風式：空氣先流(liu)經管(guan)束后(hou)流(liu)入(ru)通(tong)風機。前者操作(zuo)費用(yong)較經濟，產生(sheng)的(de)(de)湍流(liu)對傳(chuan)熱有利，使用(yong)較多。后(hou)者氣流(liu)分(fen)布均(jun)勻，有利于(yu)溫度(du)(du)控(kong)制，噪聲(sheng)小，是發展的(de)(de)方向。熱流(liu)體(ti)出(chu)口(kou)溫度(du)(du)主要靠調(diao)節(jie)通(tong)過管(guan)束的(de)(de)風量來控(kong)制，即調(diao)節(jie)葉片的(de)(de)傾角、通(tong)風機轉速和百(bai)葉窗的(de)(de)開啟程度(du)(du)等。對冬季易凝、易凍的(de)(de)流(liu)體(ti)，可采用(yong)熱風循環或蒸(zheng)汽加熱的(de)(de)辦法調(diao)節(jie)流(liu)體(ti)出(chu)口(kou)溫度(du)(du)。

　　基本形式

　　空(kong)氣(qi)冷卻(que)器翅片管(guan)的(de)基本形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)：套片式(shi)(shi)(shi)、繞片式(shi)(shi)(shi)、軋片式(shi)(shi)(shi)、焊片式(shi)(shi)(shi)、橢圓(yuan)管(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、鑲(xiang)片式(shi)(shi)(shi)、紊(wen)流式(shi)(shi)(shi)、輪輻式(shi)(shi)(shi)、開槽形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)波(bo)紋形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。空(kong)氣(qi)冷卻(que)器的(de)管(guan)箱結構(gou)主要有(you)法(fa)蘭式(shi)(shi)(shi)、管(guan)堵式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)集合管(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。一般法(fa)蘭式(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于中(zhong)低壓，管(guan)堵式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)集合管(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于高壓。